Module 3: Biomass

The chapter gives an introduction to the main concepts of biomass. The students get familiar with the categories of biomass materials and the principles of biomass utilization. The chapter also gives a detailed analysis about the utilization of biomass, the technical alternatives and installation types of biomass power plant. By acquiring the material of the subchapter, the students get familiar with the concepts concerned with biomass, the principles of biomass energy utilization, the status of biomass in Europe and the conditions for efficient exploitation

Necesidades formativas en el ámbito de las energías renovables para el desarrollo local

The general goal of the research is to advance in the study of the training needs in the field of RES for rural development, in order to reduce the existing scarcities and to contribute to the development of relevant training actions that improve the effectiveness of the teaching-learning processes. All of these in the framework of the European project IN2RURAL, which aims to promote innovative practices in the RES sector improving the employability of university students in the rural areas of Bacău (Romania), Castellón (Spain) and Heves (Hungary)

Silicone elastomers filled with rare earth oxides

Silicones which possess, amongst others, remarkable mechanical properties, thermal stability over a wide range of temperatures and processability, and rare earth oxides(REO), known for their unique optic, magnetic and catalytic properties can be coupled into multifunctional composite materials(SREOs). In addition, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of REO and polysiloxanes makes them easily compatible without the need for surface treatments of the former. Thus, europium oxide (Eu2O3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3)in amounts of 20 pph are incorporated as fillers into silicone matrices, followed by processing mixture as thin films and crosslinking at room temperature. The analysis of the obtained films reveals the changes induced by these fillers in the thermal, mechanical, dielectric and optical properties, as well as the hydrophobicity of the silicones. The luminescence properties of S-REO composites were investigated by fluorescence spectra and lifetime - resolved measurements with a multiemission peaks from blue to greenish register. The thermogravimetrical analysis indicates an increasing of thermal stability of the composites that contain REO, compared to pure silicone. As expected, the dielectric permittivity significantly increased due to nature of the fillers, while the dielectric loss values are relatively low for all samples, indicating a minimal conversion of electrical energy in the form of heat within bulk composites. The presence of rare earth oxides into the silicone matrix facilitates the motions of long-range charge carriers through the network resulting in higher values of conductivity of the composite films. The stress-strain measurements revealed the reinforcing effect of the rare earth metal oxides on a silicone matrix, leading to a significant increase of Young modulus. The known hydrophobicity of silicones is further enhanced by the presence of REO

Module 1. Renewable energy and local development

To start the course, we will initially focus on the nature and characteristics of three natural and renewable resources: the sun, the wind, and the biomass. Although basically the three of them are obtained from the sun (solar rays themselves, movements of air caused by the heat of the sun, and energy to grow plants) their characteristics differ substantially from each other and this strongly defines the technology used to make them profitable

Handbook on Industrial Applications of Nanofluids in Energy Sector

The idea of this handbook was to open a call for possible contributions in the field of nanofluids industrial applications in the energy sector among the Nanouptake networ

Module 2. Photovoltaic energy

To start this PV module the main uses of photovoltaics will be detailed in order to get an idea of the possibilities that this technology offers for the development of modern living. Once the technological possibilities offered by this technology are known, the main factors that determine the efficiency of photovoltaic systems such as radiation, inclination, shade, losses and efficiency will be dealt with

Survey of All Water Treatment Plant Operators Who Fluoridate Drinking Water in Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve UniversityOhio like several other states in the US is mandated by law to optimally fluoridate all public water systems serving over 5000 people. The purpose of this study was three-fold: 1) to determine if Ohioans on public water supplies are receiving optimally fluoridated water, 2) to determine the knowledge level of water treatment plant operators who fluoridate drinking water, and 3) to compare small and large water treatment plants. A pre-tested survey was sent to all 224 water treatment plants that adjust the fluoride concentration of drinking water in Ohio. A 100% response rate was accomplished, with 93 small and 131 large water treatment plants responding. A z-test was computed to compare proportions between small and large water treatment plants. Significance was assessed at p <0.05. Nearly 90% of water treatment plant operators correctly identified the optimal fluoride level, however almost 30% used incorrect means of determining the optimal level. Approximately three-quarters of the water treatment plant operators were able to maintain the fluoride concentration to within 0.1 mg F/L of their optimal level. A significantly greater proportion of large water treatment plant operators were able to maintain a fluoride concentration to within 0.1 mg F/L of their optimum level when compared to small water treatment plant operators (83.2% vs 60.2%, z = 3.60, p <0.05). Most water treatment plant operators are knowledgeable concerning fluoride levels, however small water treatment plant operators may need additional technical assistance to reach the level attained by large plants

Workshops Proceedings

The idea behind the Workshops Proceedings document is to collect in an eBook the information of all the Nanouptake Working Group (WG) Workshops before April 2019 where the participants have been presenting their last research work in nanofluids

A jövőbeli és képzési igények összehasonlítása a megújuló energia piac helyi fejlesztésekben betöltött szerepére vonatkozóan Spanyolországban, Romániában és Magyarországon

The general goal of the research is to advance in the study of the training needs in the field of RES for rural development, in order to reduce the existing scarcities and to contribute to the development of relevant training actions that improve the effectiveness of the teaching-learning processes. All of these in the framework of the European project IN2RURAL, which aims to promote innovative practices in the RES sector improving the employability of university students in the rural areas of Bacău (Romania), Castellón (Spain) and Heves (Hungary)